Evolution of transgenic plants for resistance to pests (Insects and or Fungi) in maize (Zea Mays)
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a crop of great importance in Mozambique, both for food security and for the country's economy. However, corn production is often affected by pests, such as insects and fungi, which can cause significant losses in productivity. One of the strategies to mitigate these problems is the use of pest-resistant transgenic plants, (African Centre for Biodiversity, 2022).
Pest-resistant transgenic plants are developed through the insertion of genes from other organisms, such as bacteria, which confer resistance to certain pests. In the case of maize, there are transgenic plants that are resistant to insects, such as fall armyworm, and fungi, such as leaf spot, but to the agroecological conditions of the district of Chimoio, (African Centre for Biodiversity, 2022).
The evaluation of transgenic plants for pest resistance in corn crops in Chimoio is an important study for the development of more productive and pest-resistant corn varieties, contributing to food security and agricultural development in the region. However, it is critical that the assessment is carried out rigorously, considering the possible environmental and human health risks related to the cultivation of transgenic plants, (African Centre for Biodiversity, 2022).
The trial was conducted in the district of Chimoio in the fields of the Catholic University of Mozambique (U.C.M), where under the supervision of Engineer Chalaza, the main purpose of the study was to evaluate the resistance of the transgenic plant compared to the open pollination variety, in terms of resistance to pests and in order to understand which is the best resistant in the agroecological conditions of the city of Chimoio.
The experiment will be conducted in the field of practical classes at the Catholic University of Mozambique between the months of September 2024 and January 2025, with a Completely Causalized Block Design (DBCC) with three plots and three treatments of each (3x3) totaling (9) nine treatments. The blocks will be divided into three treatments, where the dimensions of each treatment in the block will be 3m long and 2.5m wide; The projected spacing between the blocks is 1m and between the treatments is 0.5m, thus having a total area of 10x10. Each treatment will consist of 50 plants, where each plot contains 3 treatments this will be equal to 150 plants per plots, totaling the three plots in the (3) in the same way will be 150X3 = 450 plants in the whole experiment. It should be noted that the sowing will be direct, observing the 60cm/30cm layout, where 60cm between furrows and 30cm between plants. The DBCC is angry because the experimental units are heterogeneous and prevent the development of the and certain treatments are favored by error.
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