IJO - International Journal of Applied Science (ISSN: 2992-247X )
https://ijojournals.com/index.php/as
<p><strong>IJO - International Journal of Applied Science</strong> seeks to promote and disseminate the knowledge by publishing original research findings, review articles, and short communications in the broad field of applied sciences. Subject areas include, but are not limited to the following fields: Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Zoology, Health Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Environmental Sciences, Mathematics, Statistics, Animal Science, Bio-Technology, Medical Sciences, Geology, Social Sciences, Natural sciences, Political Science, Urban Development, Information Technology, e-Learning, e-Commerce, Architecture, Earth Science, Archaeological Science, A deal with engineering fundamentals </p>IJO JOURNALen-USIJO - International Journal of Applied Science (ISSN: 2992-247X )<p>Author(s) and co-author(s) jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties and that the Article has not been published elsewhere. Author(s) agree to the terms that the <strong>IJO Journal</strong> will have the full right to remove the published article on any misconduct found in the published article.</p>Trends and Patterns of Road Traffic Crashes, Injuries and Fatalities in Nigeria
https://ijojournals.com/index.php/as/article/view/1144
<p>The importance of road transportation in Nigeria is on daily basis being challenged by the increasing number of road traffic crashes with their attendant devastating personal, social and economic consequences. This study examined the trends and patterns of road traffic crashes, injuries and fatalities in Anambra State, Nigeria. Road traffic crash data were collected from the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) Anambra State Sector Command, Awka. Descriptive statistical analysis and Pareto analysis were used to analyse crash data in the State. The descriptive analysis of the data showed that 18.84% of the crashes involved minor injury, 57.30% involved serious injury and 23.86% involved fatal injuries. The result revealed that although the trend in the number of road traffic crashes is decreasing, the number of lives being lost in road traffic crashes isstill increasing. 76.7% of those killed were males and 23.3% were females; and 64.3% of those injured were males while 35.7% were females. The result also revealed that 76%, 20% and 4% of the crashes were caused by human factors, vehicle factors and environmental factors respectively.The Pareto analysis revealed that over speeding (speed violation), loss of control, dangerous (reckless) driving, route violation, tyre burst and brake failure were the 20% of the contributing factors that contributed to over 80% of the crashes in the State. Improved data collection, availability of accurate data, thorough analysis of such data, and development and implementation of adequate programs would help to reduce injuries and fatalities caused by road traffic crashes in Nigeria. The recommendations given in this study would help to reduce road traffic crashes in Nigeria. </p>Uchendu Onwusoronye OnwurahChristopher Chukwutoo IhuezeChukwuebuka Martinjoe U-DominicOnyekachukwu Godspower Ekwueme
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2025-09-202025-09-208090115Local Stability of SIRB Equilibrium Points
https://ijojournals.com/index.php/as/article/view/1154
<p><span class="fontstyle0">This paper analyzes the local stability of a cholera transmission model of SIRB type<br>(Susceptible–Infected–Recovered–Bacteria), incorporating vaccination and treatment.<br>The disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and endemic equilibrium (EE) were derived,<br>and their stability was investigated using the Jacobian matrix and Routh–Hurwitz<br>criteria. Results show that the DFE is locally asymptotically stable when </span><span class="fontstyle2">R</span><span class="fontstyle3">0 </span><span class="fontstyle2">< </span><span class="fontstyle4">1</span><span class="fontstyle0">,<br>ensuring disease elimination, while for </span><span class="fontstyle2">R</span><span class="fontstyle3">0 </span><span class="fontstyle2">> </span><span class="fontstyle4">1 </span><span class="fontstyle0">the DFE becomes unstable and the<br>system converges to a stable EE. A numerical example with biologically realistic parameters confirmed the theoretical findings. The study concludes that reducing </span><span class="fontstyle2">R</span><span class="fontstyle3">0<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">below unity through vaccination and improved sanitation is essential for sustainable<br>cholera control.</span> </p>Bolanle Adeola Olokuntoye
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2025-10-022025-10-028091631