A Comparative Investigation of Family Acceptance on LGBTQ+ Level of Confidence
Keywords:
college students, secondary high school students, family acceptance, LGBTQ , self-esteem
Abstract
Family acceptance plays a crucial role in shaping the self-esteem of LGBTQ+ individuals. However, despite growing awareness of the challenges faced by LGBTQ+ individuals, there is a notable lack of studies investigating the comparative impact of family acceptance on their self-esteem. This study comparatively investigated the family acceptance of the 300 College and Secondary Highschool students who are part of the LGBTQ+ community. The data Collected through purposive sampling method using traditional survey questionnaire and google form. The result revealed that there is a significance differences between level of self-esteem on LGBTQ+ students who are accepted and not accepted by their family. The study affirmed that both accepted (M= 1.97; SD= 0.44) and not accepted (M=1.73; SD= 0.43) had a result of low self-esteem. However, despite that both have low self-esteem, using the Mann Whitney U test, there is still a significant difference between their level of self-esteem (U= 0.89, Z-score= -3.34, p= .000). In conclusion this study provides valuable insights of the importance of family acceptance and other factors that affects the self-esteem of LGBTQ+ individuals. This study underscores the critical role of family acceptance and societal attitudes to promote the well-established self-esteem of LGBTQ+ individuals as well as their overall well-being. The importance of this of this study will support future researchers in exploring further areas related to LGBTQ+ issues including self-esteem and other wider societal adverse effects
References
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8) Chang, C. J., Feinstein, B. A., Meanley, S., Flores, D., & Watson, R. J. (2021). The role of LGBTQ identity pride in the associations among discrimination, social support, and depression in a sample of LGBTQ adolescents. Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health, 2(3), 203-219
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12) Foster, M. M. (2022). The Relationship Between Elementary Principal Certification and Student Literacy Achievement in First Grade: A Convergent Mixed Methods. Texas A&M University-Texarkana.
13) Front. Psychol. (2013). Sec. Eating Behavior Volume 4 - 2013 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00887
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15) Ghosh, A. (2020). After coming out: Parental acceptance of young lesbian and gay people. Sociology Compass, 14(1), e12740.
16) Grant. (2018). LGBTQ Addiction Factors: The importance of Self-Esteem. Harris House. https://harrishousestl.org/lgbtq-addiction-factors-the-importance-of-self-esteem/
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24) Meanley, S., Flores, D. D., Listerud, L., Chang, C. J., Feinstein, B. A., & Watson, R. J. (2021). The interplay of familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific family rejection on LGBTQ+ adolescents’ self-esteem. Journal of Adolescence, 93, 40-52.
25) Mereish, E. H., Cox, D. J., Harris, J. C., Anderson, Q. R., & Hawthorne, D. J. (2021). Emerging ideas. Familial influences, shame, guilt, and depression among sexual minority adolescents. Family Relations, 70(5), 1546-1555
26) Mereish, E. H., Cox, D. J., Harris, J. C., Anderson, Q. R., & Hawthorne, D. J. (2021). Emerging ideas. Familial influences, shame, guilt, and depression among sexual minority adolescents. Family Relations, 70(5), 1546-1555
27) Munoth A. (2022). Self–Esteem, Social Connectedness and Quality of Life Among the LGBTQI+ Community in South India. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 10(3), 296-305. DIP:18.01.028.20221003, DOI:10.25215/1003.028
28) Newcomb, M. E., Heinz, A. J., Birkett, M., & Mustanski, B. (2014). A longitudinal examination of risk and protective factors for cigarette smoking among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54(5), 558-564.
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30) Parental Acceptance as Protective Factor of LGBT Members after Coming Out. (n.d.). https://mseuf.edu.ph/research/read/2105
31) Price, M. (2019). Parental rejection and self-esteem in LGBTQ+ individuals. Family Dynamics Review, 15(3), 200–215.
32) Roberts-Meese, L. (2024). Why lesbian mental health is poor and what can we do. Laurel Therapy Collective. https://www.laureltherapy.net/blog/the-state-of-lesbian-mental-health
33) Ryan, C., Huebner, D., Diaz, R. M., & Sanchez, J. (2009). Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Pediatrics, 123(1), 346-352.
34) Schaub, J., Stander, W. J., & Montgomery, P. (2022). LGBTQ+ young people’s health and well-being experiences in out-of-home social care: A scoping review. Children and Youth Services Review, 143, 106682.
35) Sissons, B. (2024). How to regain lost self-confidence. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/i-have-lost-my confidence-and-self-esteem
36) Smith, J., & Smith, R. (2020). Factors influencing low self-esteem in LGBTQ+ individuals: A qualitative approach. Journal of LGBTQ+ Studies, 25(3), 45–62.
37) Smith, L. (2022). Mental health risks for sexual minority young adults compared to their peers. Mental Health Review Journal, 29(1), 87–99
38) Taylor, K., Coulombe, S., Coleman, T. A., Cameron, R., Davis, C., Wilson, C. L., … Travers, R. (2020). Social support, discrimination, and Self-Esteem in LGBTQ + high school and Post-Secondary students. Journal of LGBT Youth, 19(3), 350–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2020.1812465
39) Taylor, K., Coulombe, S., Coleman, T. A., Cameron, R., Davis, C., Wilson, C. L., ... & Travers, R. (2022). Social support, discrimination, and self-esteem in LGBTQ+ high school and post-secondary students. Journal of LGBT Youth, 19(3), 350-374.
40) Taylor, Kirstie & Coulombe, Simon & Coleman, Todd & Cameron, Ruth & Davis, Charlie & Wilson, Ciann & Woodford, Michael & Travers, Robb. (2020). Social support, discrimination, and Self-Esteem in LGBTQ + high school and Post-Secondary students. Journal of LGBT Youth. 19. 1-25.
41) Taylor, Kirstie & Coulombe, Simon & Coleman, Todd & Cameron, Ruth & Davis, Charlie & Wilson, Ciann & Woodford, Michael & Travers, Robb. (2020). Social support, discrimination, and Self-Esteem in LGBTQ + high school and Post-Secondary students. Journal of LGBT Youth. 19. 1-25.
42) Thorne, N., Witcomb, G. L., Nieder, T., Nixon, E., Yip, A., & Arcelus, J. (2018). A comparison of mental health symptomatology and levels of social support in young treatment seeking transgender individuals who identify as binary and non-binary. International Journal of Transgenderism, 20(2–3), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1452660
43) van den Brink, F., Vollmann, M., & van Weelie, S. (2020). Relationships between transgender congruence, gender identity rumin ation, and self‐esteem in transgender and gender‐nonconforming individuals. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 7(2), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000357
44) What leads to low self-esteem in LGBTQIA+ youth? (2020). https://mpowerminds.com/blog/Low-self-esteem-in-lgbtqia#
45) Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N. (2012). A comparison of reliability and construct validity between the original and revised versions of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Psychiatry Investig. (1):54-8. doi: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.1.54. Epub 2012 Jan 25. Erratum in: Psychiatry Investig. 2012 Jun;9(2):197. Tinakon, Wongpakaran [corrected to Wongpakaran, Tinakon]; Nahathai, Wongpakaran [corrected to Wongpakaran, Nahathai]. PMID: 22396685; PMCID: PMC3285741.
46) World Health Organization. Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health: adolescent development. Retrieved 29/07, 2019, from https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/adolescence/development/en/.
47) Yean C, Benau EM, Dakanalis A, Hormes JM, Perone J, Timko CA. (2013). The relationship of sex and sexual orientation to self-esteem, body shape satisfaction, and eating disorder symptomatology. Front Psychol. 4:887. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00887. PMID: 24348441; PMCID: PMC3841718.
48) Yildirim, A. (2022). Investigation of the Effect of 8-Week Life Kinetic Training on Self-Confidence, Attention and Psychological Skill Levels in Sedentary Men Students. Education Quarterly Reviews, 5(3), 152-158.
2) Andrade C. (2021). The Inconvenient Truth About Convenience and Purposive Samples. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 43(1):86-88.
3) Bejakovich, T., & Flett, R. (2018). “Are you sure?”: Relations between Sexual Identity, Certainty, Disclosure, and Psychological Well-being. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 00-00.
4) Bridge, J., et al. (2022). Disparities in mental health outcomes among LGBTQ+ individuals. Journal of Public Health, 40(5), 56–73.
5) Burnette CB, Kwitowski MA, Trujillo MA, Perrin PB. (2019). Body Appreciation in Lesbian, Bisexual, and Queer Women: Examining a Model of Social Support, Resilience, and Self-Esteem. Health Equity. 3(1):238-245. doi: 10.1089/heq.2019.0003. PMID: 31289784; PMCID: PMC6608692.
6) Camp, J., Vitoratou, S., & Rimes, K. A. (2020). LGBQ+ self-acceptance and its relationship with minority stressors and mental health: A systematic literature review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(7), 2353-2373.
7) Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of research in nursing: JRN, 25(8), 652– 661.
8) Chang, C. J., Feinstein, B. A., Meanley, S., Flores, D., & Watson, R. J. (2021). The role of LGBTQ identity pride in the associations among discrimination, social support, and depression in a sample of LGBTQ adolescents. Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health, 2(3), 203-219
9) Cosme, G. (2024). Ways to improve Low Self-Esteem as a Gay Man. Gino Cosme - Gay Therapist and Counselor. https://www.ginocosme.eu/blog/self-esteem
10) Dellar, N. M., & American Psychological Association. (2023). Guide to Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity Terms. doi:10.1177/0253717620977000
11) Drydakis, N. (2021). Social rejection, family acceptance, economic recession, and physical and mental health of sexual minorities. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 1-23.
12) Foster, M. M. (2022). The Relationship Between Elementary Principal Certification and Student Literacy Achievement in First Grade: A Convergent Mixed Methods. Texas A&M University-Texarkana.
13) Front. Psychol. (2013). Sec. Eating Behavior Volume 4 - 2013 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00887
14) Gattamorta, K., Salerno, J. P., & Roman Laporte, R. (2022). Family rejection during COVID-19: Effects on sexual and gender minority stress and mental health among LGBTQ university students. LGBTQ+ family: an interdisciplinary 12journal, 18(4), 305-318.
15) Ghosh, A. (2020). After coming out: Parental acceptance of young lesbian and gay people. Sociology Compass, 14(1), e12740.
16) Grant. (2018). LGBTQ Addiction Factors: The importance of Self-Esteem. Harris House. https://harrishousestl.org/lgbtq-addiction-factors-the-importance-of-self-esteem/
17) Green, A., et al. (2022). Social stigmatization and mental health disparities among LGBTQ+ youth. Journal of Social Inequalities, 18(2), 112–130.
18) Gupta, S. (2024). How the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Works. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/the-rosenberg-self-esteem-scale-8699962#toc-reliability-and-validity-of-the-scale
19) ILGA World. (2024). Sustainable Development Goals and LGBTI people’s human rights | SDG 5: Gender Equality - ILGA World. https://ilga.org/news/sdg5-gender-equality-episode-5-sustainable-development-goals-lgbti-seriestranscription/Journal of LGBT Youth, 19(3), 350-374.
20) Malviya, S. (2019). LGBTQ–Part of our society. Readers blog by The Times of India (27th June, 2019) https://timesofindia. indiatimes. com/readers blog/know-your-rights/lgbtq-a-part-of-our-society-43.
21) Mantra psychotherapy. (2024). https://www.mantrapsychotherapy.ca/post/why-gay-men-may-struggle-with-self-esteem-how-it-can-be-improved
22) McCurdy, A. L., Lavner, J. A., & Russell, S. T. (2023). A latent profile analysis of perceived family reactions to youth LGBTQ identity. Journal of Family Psychology, 37(6), 888.
23) McDonald, K. (2018). The role of social support in mitigating low selfesteem among LGBTQ+ youth. Social Support Studies, 12(4), 321–345.
24) Meanley, S., Flores, D. D., Listerud, L., Chang, C. J., Feinstein, B. A., & Watson, R. J. (2021). The interplay of familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific family rejection on LGBTQ+ adolescents’ self-esteem. Journal of Adolescence, 93, 40-52.
25) Mereish, E. H., Cox, D. J., Harris, J. C., Anderson, Q. R., & Hawthorne, D. J. (2021). Emerging ideas. Familial influences, shame, guilt, and depression among sexual minority adolescents. Family Relations, 70(5), 1546-1555
26) Mereish, E. H., Cox, D. J., Harris, J. C., Anderson, Q. R., & Hawthorne, D. J. (2021). Emerging ideas. Familial influences, shame, guilt, and depression among sexual minority adolescents. Family Relations, 70(5), 1546-1555
27) Munoth A. (2022). Self–Esteem, Social Connectedness and Quality of Life Among the LGBTQI+ Community in South India. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 10(3), 296-305. DIP:18.01.028.20221003, DOI:10.25215/1003.028
28) Newcomb, M. E., Heinz, A. J., Birkett, M., & Mustanski, B. (2014). A longitudinal examination of risk and protective factors for cigarette smoking among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54(5), 558-564.
29) Palleta, D. (2024). Sustainable Development Goals and LGBTI People’s Human Rights | SDG 5: Gender Equality. Sustainable Development Goals and LGBTI People’s Human Rights | SDG 5: Gender Equality. https://ilga.org/news/sdg5-gender-equality-episode-5-sustainable-development-goals-lgbti-seriestranscription/
30) Parental Acceptance as Protective Factor of LGBT Members after Coming Out. (n.d.). https://mseuf.edu.ph/research/read/2105
31) Price, M. (2019). Parental rejection and self-esteem in LGBTQ+ individuals. Family Dynamics Review, 15(3), 200–215.
32) Roberts-Meese, L. (2024). Why lesbian mental health is poor and what can we do. Laurel Therapy Collective. https://www.laureltherapy.net/blog/the-state-of-lesbian-mental-health
33) Ryan, C., Huebner, D., Diaz, R. M., & Sanchez, J. (2009). Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Pediatrics, 123(1), 346-352.
34) Schaub, J., Stander, W. J., & Montgomery, P. (2022). LGBTQ+ young people’s health and well-being experiences in out-of-home social care: A scoping review. Children and Youth Services Review, 143, 106682.
35) Sissons, B. (2024). How to regain lost self-confidence. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/i-have-lost-my confidence-and-self-esteem
36) Smith, J., & Smith, R. (2020). Factors influencing low self-esteem in LGBTQ+ individuals: A qualitative approach. Journal of LGBTQ+ Studies, 25(3), 45–62.
37) Smith, L. (2022). Mental health risks for sexual minority young adults compared to their peers. Mental Health Review Journal, 29(1), 87–99
38) Taylor, K., Coulombe, S., Coleman, T. A., Cameron, R., Davis, C., Wilson, C. L., … Travers, R. (2020). Social support, discrimination, and Self-Esteem in LGBTQ + high school and Post-Secondary students. Journal of LGBT Youth, 19(3), 350–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2020.1812465
39) Taylor, K., Coulombe, S., Coleman, T. A., Cameron, R., Davis, C., Wilson, C. L., ... & Travers, R. (2022). Social support, discrimination, and self-esteem in LGBTQ+ high school and post-secondary students. Journal of LGBT Youth, 19(3), 350-374.
40) Taylor, Kirstie & Coulombe, Simon & Coleman, Todd & Cameron, Ruth & Davis, Charlie & Wilson, Ciann & Woodford, Michael & Travers, Robb. (2020). Social support, discrimination, and Self-Esteem in LGBTQ + high school and Post-Secondary students. Journal of LGBT Youth. 19. 1-25.
41) Taylor, Kirstie & Coulombe, Simon & Coleman, Todd & Cameron, Ruth & Davis, Charlie & Wilson, Ciann & Woodford, Michael & Travers, Robb. (2020). Social support, discrimination, and Self-Esteem in LGBTQ + high school and Post-Secondary students. Journal of LGBT Youth. 19. 1-25.
42) Thorne, N., Witcomb, G. L., Nieder, T., Nixon, E., Yip, A., & Arcelus, J. (2018). A comparison of mental health symptomatology and levels of social support in young treatment seeking transgender individuals who identify as binary and non-binary. International Journal of Transgenderism, 20(2–3), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1452660
43) van den Brink, F., Vollmann, M., & van Weelie, S. (2020). Relationships between transgender congruence, gender identity rumin ation, and self‐esteem in transgender and gender‐nonconforming individuals. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 7(2), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000357
44) What leads to low self-esteem in LGBTQIA+ youth? (2020). https://mpowerminds.com/blog/Low-self-esteem-in-lgbtqia#
45) Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N. (2012). A comparison of reliability and construct validity between the original and revised versions of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Psychiatry Investig. (1):54-8. doi: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.1.54. Epub 2012 Jan 25. Erratum in: Psychiatry Investig. 2012 Jun;9(2):197. Tinakon, Wongpakaran [corrected to Wongpakaran, Tinakon]; Nahathai, Wongpakaran [corrected to Wongpakaran, Nahathai]. PMID: 22396685; PMCID: PMC3285741.
46) World Health Organization. Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health: adolescent development. Retrieved 29/07, 2019, from https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/adolescence/development/en/.
47) Yean C, Benau EM, Dakanalis A, Hormes JM, Perone J, Timko CA. (2013). The relationship of sex and sexual orientation to self-esteem, body shape satisfaction, and eating disorder symptomatology. Front Psychol. 4:887. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00887. PMID: 24348441; PMCID: PMC3841718.
48) Yildirim, A. (2022). Investigation of the Effect of 8-Week Life Kinetic Training on Self-Confidence, Attention and Psychological Skill Levels in Sedentary Men Students. Education Quarterly Reviews, 5(3), 152-158.
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2024-12-31
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