Students’ Oral Communication in EFL in an Officially Bilingual Context
Keywords:
: EFL, interactional patterns, instructional materials, oral communication
Abstract
The study investigated formulated two objectives and two research questions to guide it. The study used the mixed method convergent parallel research design. The study targeted six secondary schools, out of which 186 students and 8 English teachers constituted the sample, which were done using the simple random sampling and stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using closed ended questionnaire in a Likert scale format and an interview guide. The validity of the instruments was gotten using content validity index while the reliability of the instruments was gotten using the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient reliability test. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 23 and presented description using tables, frequency and percentages and the inferential results were presented using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, while the qualitative was analysed using narrative interpretation. Findings of the study revealed that there was a strong positive correlation between interactional teaching patterns and EFL students’ oral communication in English as a foreign language and finally, there was a moderate positive correlation between instructional materials and EFL students' oral communication in English as a foreign language. It was recommended that teachers should incorporate pair and group activities into the classroom to encourage meaningful interaction among students. Providing tasks that require authentic instructional materials is another recommendation to EFL teachers engaged in oral communicationReferences
Abdu-Raheem, B. O. (2014). Improvisation of instructional materials for teaching and learning in secondary schools as predictor of high academic standard. Nigerian Journal of Social Studies, XVII (1), 131-143.
Agina-Obu, T.N. (2005). The relevance of instructional materials in teaching and learning. In I. Robert-Okah & K.C. Uzoeshi (Eds.), Theories and practice of teaching. Harey Publication.
Akçayır, M., & Akçayır, G. (2017). Advantages and challenges associated with augmented reality for education: A systematic review of the literature. Educational Research Review, 20, 1-11.
Annual Report on Official Languages 2019–20. (2021). https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/values-ethics/official-languages/reports/annual-report-official-languages-2019-2020.html
Bapes, B. L. (2013) “Forward” Official Syllabuses for Teacher Training Colleges (T.T.Cs.). Yaounde: Ministry of Secondary Education
Brown, G., & Yule, G. (2008). Teaching the spoken language. Cambridge University Press.
Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1-47.
Chalaune, B. S. (2021) Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy in educational transformation. International Journal of Research, 9(4), 185–194
Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research Design: Quantitative and Mixed Approaches, (4th ed). Sage Publication.
Dornyei, Z. & Csizer, K. (2002). Some Dynamics of Language Attitudes and Motivation: Results of a Longitudinal Nationwide Survey. Applied Linguistics, Volume 23 (4), 421-62
Echu, G. (2004b). The Immersion Experience in Anglophone Primary Schools in Cameroon. In Cohen, J., McAlister, K. T., Rolstad, K., and MacSwan, J. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism, (eds.), 643-655. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
Fadeiye, J.O. (2005). A social studies textbook for colleges and universities. Ibadan: Akin-Johnson Press and beneme, O.T. (2000). Provision and utilization of instructional equipment for teaching and learning science and technology. Issues in Educational Journal, 1, 139-144.
Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching (4th ed.). Pearson Longman.
Ikerionwu, J.C. (2000). Importance of aids and resources in classroom teaching. In A.M. Oyeneyin (Ed.), Perspective of classroom teaching. Martmonic Investment Ltd
Ikerionwu, J.C. (2000). Importance of aids and resources in classroom teaching. In A.M. Oyeneyin (Ed.), Perspective of classroom teaching. Abuja: Martmonic Investment Ltd.
Ismail, S. (2015) Equity and Education. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Second Edition. Vol. 7, 918–923
Ismail, S. (2015) Equity and Education. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Second Edition. Vol. 7, 918–923
Isola, O.M. (2010). Effect of standardized and improvised instructional materials on students academic Achievement in secondary school physics. Unpublished M. Ed. project, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Publishers.
Klassen, R. M.& Kim, L. E. (2019) Selecting teachers and prospective teachers: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review. Volume (26), 32-51
Kochhar, S. K. (2012). The teaching of social studies. New Delhi, India. Sterling Publishers Private Limied.
Kouega, J-P. (2018b) The Benefits of French-English Bilingual Competence in Cameroon. Open Access Library Journal, Vol.05 (03), 1-15
Kuchah, K (2018) Early English medium instruction in Francophone Cameroon: The
injustice of equal opportunity. System, 73, 37-47
Lee, J. F., & VanPatten, B. (2003). Making communicative language teaching happen (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Murray, T., & Arroyo, I. (2002) Towards measuring and maintaining the zone of proximal development in adaptive instructional systems. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 749–758.
Olumorin, C. O., Yusuf, A., Ajidagba, U. A., & Jekayinfa, A. A. (2010). Development of Instructional materials from local resources for art-based courses. Asian Journal of Information Technology, 9(2), 107-110.
Oluwagbohunmi, M.F., & Abdu-Raheem, B.O. (2014). Sandwich undergraduates’ problem of improvisation of instructional materials in social studies: The case of Ekiti State University. Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary, 1(12), 824-831.
Omabe, C.C. (2006). Instructional materials for social studies education in Nigeria. Willy Rose and Apple seed publishers.
Omar, A. B. N. (2013) Use of dialogue through email technology in developing writing skills to English as a foreign language learner (EFL) at Al-Imam Mohammad Ibin Saud Islamic University. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 665-687
Rabab’ah, G. A. (2005) Information Transmission of English Majors in Jordan: Their Ability to Communicate Comprehensible Messages. J. King Saud Univ., Vol. 18 (2), 45-64
Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Sundari, H., Rafli, Z. & Ridwan, S. (2017). Interaction patterns in English as foreign language classroom at lower secondary schools. English Review: Journal of English Education, 6(1), 99-108. DOI: 10.25134/erjee.v6i1.775.
Takam, A.F., Fassé, I.M. (2020) English and French bilingual education and language policy in Cameroon: the bottom-up approach or the policy of no policy? Lang Policy 19, 61–86.
Tambo, L. (2012) Principles and methods of teaching. 2nd Edition. ANUCAM
Tante, A. C. (2018a). “I’m Afraid to Ask the Teacher a Question”: Young Learners’ Voices in the Primary Classroom. International Journal of Research in English Education (IJREE). Volume 3 (3), 46-62
Tante, A. C. (2018b). ‘I Can Talk About a Lot of Things in the Other Language but not in English’: Teaching Speaking Skills in Cameroon Primary Schools. In A. Burns and J. Siegel (Eds). International Perspectives on Teaching the Four Skills in ELT Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing. International Perspectives on English Language Teaching (pp. 81-96). Chan: Palgrave-Macmillan.
Thornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. Pearson Educational Limited
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Agina-Obu, T.N. (2005). The relevance of instructional materials in teaching and learning. In I. Robert-Okah & K.C. Uzoeshi (Eds.), Theories and practice of teaching. Harey Publication.
Akçayır, M., & Akçayır, G. (2017). Advantages and challenges associated with augmented reality for education: A systematic review of the literature. Educational Research Review, 20, 1-11.
Annual Report on Official Languages 2019–20. (2021). https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/values-ethics/official-languages/reports/annual-report-official-languages-2019-2020.html
Bapes, B. L. (2013) “Forward” Official Syllabuses for Teacher Training Colleges (T.T.Cs.). Yaounde: Ministry of Secondary Education
Brown, G., & Yule, G. (2008). Teaching the spoken language. Cambridge University Press.
Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1-47.
Chalaune, B. S. (2021) Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy in educational transformation. International Journal of Research, 9(4), 185–194
Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research Design: Quantitative and Mixed Approaches, (4th ed). Sage Publication.
Dornyei, Z. & Csizer, K. (2002). Some Dynamics of Language Attitudes and Motivation: Results of a Longitudinal Nationwide Survey. Applied Linguistics, Volume 23 (4), 421-62
Echu, G. (2004b). The Immersion Experience in Anglophone Primary Schools in Cameroon. In Cohen, J., McAlister, K. T., Rolstad, K., and MacSwan, J. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism, (eds.), 643-655. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
Fadeiye, J.O. (2005). A social studies textbook for colleges and universities. Ibadan: Akin-Johnson Press and beneme, O.T. (2000). Provision and utilization of instructional equipment for teaching and learning science and technology. Issues in Educational Journal, 1, 139-144.
Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching (4th ed.). Pearson Longman.
Ikerionwu, J.C. (2000). Importance of aids and resources in classroom teaching. In A.M. Oyeneyin (Ed.), Perspective of classroom teaching. Martmonic Investment Ltd
Ikerionwu, J.C. (2000). Importance of aids and resources in classroom teaching. In A.M. Oyeneyin (Ed.), Perspective of classroom teaching. Abuja: Martmonic Investment Ltd.
Ismail, S. (2015) Equity and Education. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Second Edition. Vol. 7, 918–923
Ismail, S. (2015) Equity and Education. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Second Edition. Vol. 7, 918–923
Isola, O.M. (2010). Effect of standardized and improvised instructional materials on students academic Achievement in secondary school physics. Unpublished M. Ed. project, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Publishers.
Klassen, R. M.& Kim, L. E. (2019) Selecting teachers and prospective teachers: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review. Volume (26), 32-51
Kochhar, S. K. (2012). The teaching of social studies. New Delhi, India. Sterling Publishers Private Limied.
Kouega, J-P. (2018b) The Benefits of French-English Bilingual Competence in Cameroon. Open Access Library Journal, Vol.05 (03), 1-15
Kuchah, K (2018) Early English medium instruction in Francophone Cameroon: The
injustice of equal opportunity. System, 73, 37-47
Lee, J. F., & VanPatten, B. (2003). Making communicative language teaching happen (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Murray, T., & Arroyo, I. (2002) Towards measuring and maintaining the zone of proximal development in adaptive instructional systems. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 749–758.
Olumorin, C. O., Yusuf, A., Ajidagba, U. A., & Jekayinfa, A. A. (2010). Development of Instructional materials from local resources for art-based courses. Asian Journal of Information Technology, 9(2), 107-110.
Oluwagbohunmi, M.F., & Abdu-Raheem, B.O. (2014). Sandwich undergraduates’ problem of improvisation of instructional materials in social studies: The case of Ekiti State University. Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary, 1(12), 824-831.
Omabe, C.C. (2006). Instructional materials for social studies education in Nigeria. Willy Rose and Apple seed publishers.
Omar, A. B. N. (2013) Use of dialogue through email technology in developing writing skills to English as a foreign language learner (EFL) at Al-Imam Mohammad Ibin Saud Islamic University. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 665-687
Rabab’ah, G. A. (2005) Information Transmission of English Majors in Jordan: Their Ability to Communicate Comprehensible Messages. J. King Saud Univ., Vol. 18 (2), 45-64
Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Sundari, H., Rafli, Z. & Ridwan, S. (2017). Interaction patterns in English as foreign language classroom at lower secondary schools. English Review: Journal of English Education, 6(1), 99-108. DOI: 10.25134/erjee.v6i1.775.
Takam, A.F., Fassé, I.M. (2020) English and French bilingual education and language policy in Cameroon: the bottom-up approach or the policy of no policy? Lang Policy 19, 61–86.
Tambo, L. (2012) Principles and methods of teaching. 2nd Edition. ANUCAM
Tante, A. C. (2018a). “I’m Afraid to Ask the Teacher a Question”: Young Learners’ Voices in the Primary Classroom. International Journal of Research in English Education (IJREE). Volume 3 (3), 46-62
Tante, A. C. (2018b). ‘I Can Talk About a Lot of Things in the Other Language but not in English’: Teaching Speaking Skills in Cameroon Primary Schools. In A. Burns and J. Siegel (Eds). International Perspectives on Teaching the Four Skills in ELT Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing. International Perspectives on English Language Teaching (pp. 81-96). Chan: Palgrave-Macmillan.
Thornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. Pearson Educational Limited
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Published
2024-07-30
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 IJO - International Journal of Educational Research (ISSN: 2805-413X)
Author(s) and co-author(s) jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties and that the Article has not been published elsewhere. Author(s) agree to the terms that the IJO Journal will have the full right to remove the published article on any misconduct found in the published article.
