Smart Pedagogy 4.0: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Instructional Transformation in Electrical and Electronic Technology Education in Southwest Nigeria
Abstract
This study investigated Smart Pedagogy 4.0 as an emerging instructional framework for leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) to transform Electrical and Electronic Technology Education (EETE) in Southwest Nigeria. The study was motivated by the growing demand for Industry 4.0–compliant technical education systems capable of improving instructional delivery, lecturer digital competence, and student employability outcomes. A descriptive survey research design with an independent group comparative approach was adopted. The study was conducted at the University of Lagos, Southwest Nigeria, using a census sample of 43 respondents comprising 15 Electrical/Electronic lecturers and 28 students. Data were collected using a researcher-developed instrument titled Smart Pedagogy 4.0 and Artificial Intelligence Instructional Transformation Questionnaire (SP4AITQ), validated by experts and tested for reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha, which yielded a coefficient of 0.88. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while independent t-test was employed to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that AI integration significantly enhances instructional transformation through improved lesson delivery, virtual laboratories, personalized learning, and curriculum modernization. The study also found that lecturers’ digital competence is a critical requirement for the successful implementation of Smart Pedagogy 4.0. Furthermore, Smart Pedagogy 4.0 was found to positively influence students’ employability skills, innovation capacity, and workforce preparedness. The hypotheses tested showed no significant difference between lecturers’ and students’ perceptions across all variables, indicating broad consensus on the relevance of AI-driven pedagogy. The study concluded that Smart Pedagogy 4.0 offers a transformative pathway for modernizing Electrical and Electronic Technology Education in Southwest Nigeria and recommended strategic investment in lecturer digital training, AI infrastructure, curriculum reform, and institutional policy support.
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