STUDIES ON ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME, RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN OWERRI, NIGERIA.
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial condition influenced by cardiovascular, hematological and haemostatic factors. The knowledge of these parameters in CAD patients, including gender-based differences, is essential for personalized diagnosis and treatment.
Objective: To investigate red cell indices and aspartate aminotransferase in CAD patients Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Nigeria, and assess gender-based variations.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 30 CAD patients (19 males and 11 females) and 30 age-matched healthy controls. A total of 5 mL of venous blood was collected from each participant, with 3 mL placed in EDTA tubes for hematological analysis and 2 mls into sodium citrate containers for APTT determination..Haematological parameters were assessed using an automated hematology analyzer, while APTT was determined using a standard coagulometer and commercial reagents according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent t-tests to compare group differences and Pearson correlation for association studies, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: CAD patients showed significantly higher mean activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT: 41.23 ± 4.09 )secsand white blood cell (WBC) count (15.23 ± 2.1) × 10⁹/L compared to controls (APTT: 28.30 ± 2.17)secs; WBC: (7.00 ± 1.68) × 10⁹/L with p-values of 0.002 and <0.001, respectively. Red blood cell (RBC) count was significantly lower in CAD patients (2.07 ± 0.35 )× 10¹²/L) compared to controls (4.01 ± 0.27 )× 10¹²/L. Among CAD patients, males had significantly higher APTT values (65.30 ± 14.48) secs than females (48.60 ± 8.95) secs(p = 0.035). No significant gender differences were observed in RBC and WBC counts. Correlation analysis revealed insignificant negative correlations of APTT with RBC (r = -0.025, p = 0.897), and WBC(r = -0.038, p = 0.843).
Conclusion: CAD patients in Owerri exhibit significant hematological abnormalities, including elevated APTT and WBC levels and reduced RBC counts. Although gender-related variations were observed in APTT, no significant correlations among APTT, RBC, and WBC suggest independent pathological mechanisms. Comprehensive hematological assessments should be incorporated into CAD management protocols. Further studies arewarranted to explore the underlying mechanisms of these hematological changes.
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