A POST-MORTEM ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC ORDER IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Nigeria was seriously affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which had far-reaching consequences across its economic, social and institutional spheres. The crisis exposed and deepened longstanding structural weaknesses, including an underfunded healthcare system, an oil-dependent and fragile economy, widespread poverty and inadequate social protection mechanisms. These vulnerabilities were further compounded by the government's limited capacity to respond effectively. Public order deteriorated amid rising public frustration, enforcement challenges and mistrust in state institutions.This paper presented a post-mortem analysis of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on socio-economic development and public order in Nigeria. It was guided by the assumption of Martha Albertson Fineman’s Vulnerability Theorydeveloped in 2019. The paper relied on qualitative methods using documentary evidence (analysis of secondary data from textbooks, journals, periodicals, government publications and internet sources) and content analysis was used to analyse the secondary data.The results showed that COVID-19 disrupted the economy, educational system, healthcare system and public order in Nigeria. It was recommended, among others, that the government should focus on reviving the economy through stimulus packages, support for small businesses and job creation initiatives. Policies that could put strains on Nigerians and surviving businesses should be avoided to avoid economic hardship. Investments should also be made into strengthening healthcare infrastructure while ensuring that essential healthcare services continue unhindered during crises. Medical personnel should be encouraged to work in Nigeria. This research contributed to a better understanding of how pandemics can exacerbate existing social challenges within a developing country context. Moreover, analysis into the impact of COVID-19 on public order in Nigeria provides valuable insights into how disruptions such as lockdowns and restrictions can strain law enforcement capabilities, exacerbate tensions within communities, affect crime rates and compromise social stability.